Terms of service

1. Introduction & acceptance of terms

Welcome to Sheba. These Terms of Service ("Terms") form a legally binding agreement between you ("Client", "you", or "your") and Shaiban Technology Ltd. (شيبان التقنية المحدودة), a company incorporated under the laws of Yemen and operating under the commercial brand Sheba ("Sheba", "we", "us", or "our").

By accessing or using any Sheba website, platform, software, or service — including www.shaiban.co, ChatSheba, Social Sheba, our Custom AI Solutions, and our Consulting services — you confirm that you have read, understood, and agree to be bound by these Terms in full.

If you enter into this agreement on behalf of a company or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you have authority to bind that entity to these Terms. If you do not agree to these Terms, you must not access or use any Sheba service.

Separate agreements, Statements of Work ("SOW"), or Order Forms executed between Sheba and a Client may supplement these Terms. Where a conflict arises, the separately executed agreement governs with respect to the specific subject matter it addresses.

2. Definitions

"Platform" means any web application, SaaS product, API, dashboard, tool, or interface made available by Sheba, including www.shaiban.co and all sub-domains.

"Services" means all products and services provided by Sheba, including ChatSheba, Social Sheba, Custom AI Solutions, Consulting, and any other offerings described on the Platform. "Client" means the business or individual that has entered into an agreement with Sheba to access or use the Services. "Authorized User" means an employee, contractor, or representative of the Client authorized to access the Services on the Client's behalf. "End-User" means a third-party individual — typically the Client's own customer — who interacts with a Sheba-powered interface (such as ChatSheba) deployed by the Client; End-Users are not direct parties to this agreement.

"Content" means all text, images, audio, video, data, documents, and other information uploaded, created, or transmitted through the Platform by the Client or its Authorized Users. "Subscription" means a recurring paid plan for access to ChatSheba, Social Sheba, or other SaaS offerings, billed monthly or annually. "Statement of Work" or "SOW" means a separately executed document describing the scope, deliverables, timeline, and fees for a project-based engagement.

"AI Output" means any text, content, recommendation, decision, or other output generated by an AI model or agentic system as part of the Services. "Confidential Information" means any non-public information disclosed by one party to the other in connection with these Terms. "Sub-Processor" means any third party engaged by Sheba to process personal data in the course of providing the Services. "Intellectual Property" means patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, know-how, algorithms, model architectures, and any other proprietary rights.

3. Description of services

www.shaiban.co is Sheba's public company website. Visitors may submit inquiries and access public resources.

ChatSheba is Sheba's Arabic-native AI customer-support platform with a full CRM underneath. It lets enterprise Clients automate customer conversations using AI across four channels: WhatsApp Business, Telegram, the website chat widget, and mobile-app integration via API. It handles Arabic and its dialects, English, and most languages, with a fast average response time, human-escalation workflows, and CRM integration. Sheba's contract is with the enterprise Client — not with End-Users. The Client is solely responsible for its deployment to, and relationship with, its own End-Users.

Social Sheba is an AI marketing assistant platform that generates brand-aware content, social-media strategies, and creative assets in English and Arabic, available on a subscription or project basis.

Custom AI Solutions are bespoke AI systems, including agentic AI, intelligent document processing, predictive analytics, and ERP integrations (SAP, Oracle, Salesforce, and custom systems). They are governed by individually executed SOWs and may be deployed on sovereign-cloud, on-premise, or hybrid infrastructure. Consulting covers strategic AI assessments, AI-readiness evaluations, roadmap development, and governance-framework design; it is project-based and governed by individually executed SOWs.

4. Eligibility

The Services are intended for businesses and adult professionals. By using the Services you represent that you are at least 18 years old, that you have full legal authority to enter binding contracts, and that, if acting on behalf of a business entity, you have authority to bind that entity.

Sheba reserves the right to refuse service to any entity at its sole discretion, including where the proposed use case conflicts with applicable law, ethical standards, or Sheba's policies.

5. Account registration & security

To access certain Services, you create an account with accurate, complete, and current information, and you keep that information updated at all times.

You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your account credentials and for all activity under your account. Notify Sheba immediately at legal@shaiban.space if you suspect unauthorized access.

You may not share, transfer, sell, or assign your account to any third party without Sheba's prior written consent. Sheba reserves the right to refuse registration, or to suspend or terminate accounts, for any reason it deems appropriate, including suspected violation of these Terms.

6. Subscription terms

ChatSheba and Social Sheba are available under subscription plans as described on the Platform. Plan details and features are as published at the time of subscription and may be updated prospectively with notice. The plan and fees that apply to you are those set out in your Order Form.

Subscriptions are billed in advance for the selected billing cycle (monthly or annual), with payment due at the start of each cycle. US Dollars (USD) is the primary billing currency; you may pay in local currency at the prevailing exchange rate at the time the invoice is issued, where this is recorded on your Order Form.

Subscriptions renew automatically at the end of each billing cycle at the then-current rate, unless either party gives written notice of cancellation or non-renewal at least 30 days before the renewal date.

Upgrades take effect immediately and are prorated for the remainder of the billing cycle. Downgrades take effect at the start of the next billing cycle.

7. Project-based engagements

Each Custom AI or Consulting engagement is governed by a separately executed SOW specifying the scope; the deliverables and acceptance criteria; the timeline and milestones; the fees and payment schedule; and any special terms applicable to the engagement.

Deliverables are presented at agreed milestones. The Client has 10 business days to accept or to provide written notice of specific deficiencies; if no written notice is received within that period, the deliverable is deemed accepted.

Changes to the agreed scope must be documented in a written change order signed by both parties. Sheba is not obligated to perform work outside the SOW without an executed change order.

8. Fees, payment & refunds

All fees are due as set out in your Order Form, SOW, or subscription plan. This website publishes no price figures; the plan, fees, and any commitment discount are recorded only on your Order Form. Project invoices are due within 14 days of the invoice date unless otherwise agreed in writing.

If payment is not received by the due date, Sheba may, after the payment is more than 30 days overdue and following a further 7 days' prior written notice, suspend access to the Services in whole or in part until payment is brought current. Sheba does not charge a percentage late fee, and suspension is the operative remedy for late payment.

Subscription fees are non-refundable except where required by applicable law. On cancellation before the end of a billing cycle, access is retained until the end of the paid period and no partial-period refunds are issued. For project-based work, fees for delivered and accepted milestones are non-refundable; if Sheba fails to deliver an agreed milestone without cure within 30 days of written notice, the Client may terminate the affected SOW and receive a prorated refund for undelivered work.

Either party may cancel a subscription, or decline renewal, on at least 30 days' written notice; cancellation takes effect at the end of the then-current billing cycle. The Client must notify Sheba in writing within 7 days of an invoice date of any disputed amount and its basis, and the parties will work in good faith to resolve the dispute within 14 days.

9. Client responsibilities

You are responsible for all activity conducted through your account and for ensuring that all Authorized Users comply with these Terms.

You represent and warrant that you hold all necessary rights, permissions, and consents to provide any data, content, or materials to Sheba for processing, and you must not provide data you have no legal right to share. Where you deploy ChatSheba or any Sheba-powered interface to your End-Users, you are solely responsible for providing End-Users with all required privacy notices, for obtaining all required consents for data collection and AI-assisted processing, and for ensuring your use complies with applicable law in your jurisdiction and your End-Users' jurisdictions.

Do not use the Services in violation of applicable law, including consumer-protection, data-protection, anti-discrimination, intellectual-property, and electronic-communications law. Where the Services include agentic AI features capable of autonomous action, you are responsible for maintaining appropriate human oversight over AI-generated decisions, particularly in high-stakes contexts such as finance, healthcare, legal compliance, and government services.

10. Intellectual property

Sheba retains all right, title, and interest in the Platform; in all software, algorithms, model architectures, and AI systems underlying the Services; in Sheba's proprietary methodology, frameworks, and consulting approaches; in all documentation and content produced by Sheba; and in any improvements or derivative works of the foregoing. These Terms grant you a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, revocable license to access and use the Services solely for your internal business purposes.

The Client retains all right, title, and interest in its data, content, and materials; in its brand assets and trademarks; and in its confidential business information. The Client grants Sheba a limited license to use the Client's data and content solely to the extent necessary to provide the agreed Services.

Specific Custom AI deliverables described in the SOW transfer to the Client upon receipt of full payment. Sheba retains ownership of general-purpose components, frameworks, or pre-existing technology embedded within a deliverable and is granted a perpetual, royalty-free license to use such components in other projects. Suggestions, feedback, or ideas you provide regarding the Services become the property of Sheba and may be used without restriction or compensation.

11. AI-specific disclaimers

AI Outputs are produced by probabilistic models and are not guaranteed to be accurate, complete, current, or free from error. AI Outputs may contain inaccuracies, hallucinations, or content requiring human review, and they do not constitute legal, financial, medical, regulatory, or any other professional advice. Seek qualified professional advice before making decisions based on AI Outputs in regulated domains.

You are solely responsible for reviewing, validating, and approving any AI Output before acting on it, particularly in high-stakes contexts including finance, compliance, healthcare, legal affairs, and government operations. Where the Services include agentic AI systems capable of autonomous action, you are responsible for configuring appropriate human-oversight checkpoints; Sheba is not liable for loss or damage arising from autonomous AI-agent actions taken without the human oversight contemplated by the agreed system design.

ChatSheba handles Arabic and its dialects, English, and most languages. Sheba does not guarantee perfect accuracy across all regional variations or domain-specific vocabulary; language support is provided on a best-effort basis. Sheba's platforms may use leading third-party AI model providers, and the underlying provider may change over time without specific notice, provided quality and features are not materially degraded.

12. Confidentiality

Each party agrees to keep the other party's Confidential Information strictly confidential and not to disclose it to third parties — other than Sub-Processors bound by equivalent obligations — without prior written consent.

Sheba commits that it will not use Client data to train AI models or improve Sheba's products without explicit prior written consent; will not share Client data beyond necessary Sub-Processors; and will require all Sub-Processors to maintain confidentiality no less restrictive than set out here.

Confidentiality obligations survive termination for 5 years, except for trade secrets, which remain confidential indefinitely. These obligations do not apply to information that is or becomes publicly available through no fault of the receiving party; was known prior to disclosure; is independently developed without reference to Confidential Information; or is required to be disclosed by law or court order — in which case the receiving party gives prompt written notice to the disclosing party.

13. Data processing

The collection, use, and processing of personal data is governed by Sheba's Privacy Policy, available at /en/privacy, which is incorporated into these Terms by reference.

For ChatSheba, Social Sheba, Custom AI Solutions, and Consulting, Sheba acts as a Data Processor on behalf of the Client (as Data Controller). The Client is responsible for its own compliance with applicable data protection law with respect to End-Users.

Where required by applicable data protection law or at the Client's request, Sheba will enter into a separate Data Processing Agreement (DPA). Contact legal@shaiban.space for DPA requests.

14. Third-party integrations

ChatSheba integrates with Meta Platforms' WhatsApp Business API. Your use of ChatSheba is subject to Meta's WhatsApp Business Terms, and Sheba is not responsible for Meta's actions, downtime, or policy changes.

Where Custom AI Solutions integrate with SAP, Oracle, Salesforce, or custom ERPs, the Client is responsible for obtaining and maintaining all necessary permissions and licenses from those providers.

Sheba uses leading third-party AI model providers, each with its own usage policies; Sheba is not responsible for limitations or changes imposed by those providers. The inclusion of any third-party integration does not constitute endorsement, and Sheba is not responsible for third-party content, privacy practices, or terms.

15. Service availability & SLA

The Services are provided "as is" and "as available". Sheba strives for high availability but does not guarantee uninterrupted access.

For its SaaS products (ChatSheba and Social Sheba), Sheba targets 99% monthly uptime, excluding scheduled maintenance and circumstances beyond Sheba's reasonable control. Sheba will endeavour to give at least 48 hours' advance notice of planned maintenance that may interrupt the Service.

Uptime commitments do not apply to downtime caused by force majeure; by third-party platform downtime (the WhatsApp Business API, cloud providers, or AI model providers); by Client-side network or infrastructure issues; or by Client or Authorized-User actions or inactions.

16. Prohibited uses

You must not use the Services to violate any applicable law, regulation, or legal obligation; to generate, distribute, or facilitate disinformation, propaganda, or misleading content; to process personal data of individuals without a valid legal basis; or to engage in unlawful discrimination based on race, ethnicity, religion, gender, disability, or any other protected characteristic.

You must not reverse-engineer, decompile, disassemble, or attempt to extract source code or proprietary methodology from the Services; resell, sublicense, or make the Services available to third parties without Sheba's prior written consent; upload or transmit viruses, malware, or other malicious code; conduct automated data collection, data mining, or bulk extraction from the Platform without authorization; impersonate any person or entity or misrepresent your affiliation; or use the Services in any manner that interferes with or disrupts the integrity or performance of the Platform.

17. Warranties & disclaimers

Sheba warrants that it will provide the Services with reasonable skill and care, and that the Services will perform materially as described in the applicable documentation during the term of the agreement.

Except as expressly stated above, the Services are provided "as is" and "as available" without any warranty of any kind, whether express, implied, statutory, or otherwise. Sheba specifically disclaims all implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title, and non-infringement.

Sheba makes no warranty regarding the accuracy, completeness, or suitability of any AI Output for any particular purpose; the full AI-specific disclaimers in Section 11 apply.

18. Limitation of liability

Sheba's total aggregate liability for all claims shall not exceed the total fees paid by the Client to Sheba in the twelve (12) months immediately preceding the event giving rise to the claim.

In no event shall Sheba be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, or consequential damages, including loss of profits, revenue, data, goodwill, cost of substitute services, or business interruption — even if advised of the possibility of such damages.

The Client acknowledges that these limitations of liability are an essential basis of the bargain between the parties, and that Sheba would not have entered into these Terms without them.

19. Indemnification

The Client agrees to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Sheba and its officers, directors, employees, agents, and Sub-Processors from third-party claims arising out of the Client's use of the Services in violation of these Terms; any breach of a representation, warranty, or obligation; the deployment of any Sheba-powered interface to End-Users, including End-User claims; any failure to comply with applicable data protection law regarding End-Users; and Client-provided content or data that infringes a third party's intellectual property rights.

Sheba agrees to indemnify the Client from third-party claims alleging that the Platform — excluding Client-provided data and third-party integrations — infringes a third party's intellectual property rights, provided Sheba has control of the defense and the Client cooperates reasonably.

20. Term & termination

These Terms commence on the date you first access or use the Services and remain in effect until terminated in accordance with these provisions.

Either party may cancel a subscription on at least 30 days' written notice, with cancellation taking effect at the end of the then-current billing cycle; fees already paid are non-refundable. For project-based engagements, termination follows the applicable SOW; in the absence of specific provisions, either party may terminate on 30 days' written notice, and fees for work completed up to termination are due and payable.

Sheba may terminate immediately on written notice if you breach a material provision and fail to cure within 14 days of written notice; if you fail to make payment and do not cure within 30 days of written notice; if you engage in any Prohibited Use under Section 16; or if continued provision would violate applicable law.

On termination, Sheba will cease processing Client data; provide the Client a 30-day window to export data from cloud-deployed systems; and securely delete Client data within 30 days of the end of that export window, with written confirmation available on request. Financial records and legally required data may be retained as set out in the Privacy Policy.

21. Governing law & dispute resolution

These Terms are governed by the laws of Yemen, without regard to conflict-of-law principles.

For any dispute, claim, or controversy arising out of these Terms, the parties first attempt resolution through good-faith negotiation. Either party initiates by sending written notice describing the dispute, and the parties have at least 30 days from the date of that notice to attempt resolution.

If the dispute is not resolved through negotiation, it shall be submitted to the competent courts of Yemen, or — if both parties agree in writing — to binding arbitration under mutually agreed rules. Nothing in this section prevents either party from seeking emergency injunctive or equitable relief to protect intellectual property rights or confidential information.

22. Amendments

Sheba may update these Terms. For material changes, Sheba will update the "Last updated" date, post the revised Terms at /en/terms, and provide notice by email or site banner at least 14 days before the changes take effect.

Continued use of the Services after the effective date of revised Terms constitutes acceptance of those revised Terms. If you do not agree to the changes, you must cease using the Services and terminate under Section 20.

23. Entire agreement

These Terms, together with the Privacy Policy, any applicable Order Forms, and any executed Statements of Work, constitute the entire agreement between the parties and supersede all prior negotiations, representations, warranties, and understandings, whether written or oral. No term shall be waived except by a written instrument signed by authorized representatives of both parties.

24. Contact

For all legal inquiries, notices, and questions relating to these Terms, email legal@shaiban.space. The website is www.shaiban.co, and the legal entity is Shaiban Technology Ltd. (شيبان التقنية المحدودة), Yemen. We aim to respond to all legal inquiries within 5 business days.

25. ChatSheba service terms

These ChatSheba Service Terms supplement, and form part of, the Sheba Terms of Service above. They govern your subscription to and use of ChatSheba, Sheba's AI customer-support platform. Where these ChatSheba Service Terms address a matter specifically, they govern that matter for ChatSheba; on every other point the Sheba Terms of Service above continue to apply in full. The commercial service is operated under the Sheba brand; the binding contracting entity is Shaiban Technology Ltd. (شيبان التقنية المحدودة), Yemen; and the product is ChatSheba. When you sign an Order Form for ChatSheba, the plan, message allowance, fees, commitment term, and any add-ons set out there are incorporated into these terms and become binding alongside them.

Scope & channels. ChatSheba is the managed AI customer-support service Sheba builds, deploys, and runs for you under your subscription, including the dedicated AI agent built for you, the connected channels, the control dashboard, and the management tools. Every standard plan includes the same four core channels: WhatsApp Business, Telegram, the website chat widget, and mobile-app integration via API. Across all standard plans the build includes one dedicated AI agent built by the Sheba team; multi-modal handling of text, voice, and image; multilingual handling by default (Arabic and its dialects, English, and most languages); smart escalation and alerts; self-service knowledge-base management from the dashboard, with updates taking effect immediately; a core CRM and analytics dashboard; full setup and launch testing by the Sheba team; ongoing support and account management; and an unlimited number of users and conversations. Enterprise plans add capabilities described in a separate Enterprise proposal. Your monthly smart-message allowance is fixed by the plan recorded on your Order Form; messages above that allowance are billed under the fees clause below. "Knowledge Base" means the content you provide to train your AI agent — products, services, policies, FAQs, files, and brand assets — and you are responsible for providing this content and the access credentials for your channels within a reasonable time so Sheba can build and launch the Service.

Subscription, term & renewal. Your subscription starts on the effective date recorded on your Order Form and runs for the commitment term you choose. A monthly subscription renews automatically each month unless either party gives at least 30 days' written notice of cancellation before the end of the current monthly period. A fixed term of 3, 6, or 12 months is locked for its full duration and renews automatically at the end of the term for an equal further term at the same rate, unless either party gives at least 30 days' written notice of non-renewal before the term ends. Upgrades between plans take effect immediately with a prorated charge for the difference over the current billing cycle; downgrades take effect at renewal only. Either party may terminate before the end of the commitment term if the other party materially breaches these terms, provided it first gives written notice and a 30-day period to cure. As under the Sheba Terms of Service (Sections 8 and 20), fees already paid are non-refundable and, on cancellation, you retain access until the end of the paid period; no partial-period refunds are issued.

Message metering. Smart messages are metered monthly under four rules that apply to every plan without exception. Every message the AI agent handles is counted — whether text, voice, or image, and whether incoming from your customer or outgoing from the agent; the message type does not change the count. Metering stops the moment a member of your team takes over a conversation, and messages sent by your human team after that point are not counted. Automated system messages — internal routing, team notifications, and administrative reminders — are not counted. External-channel charges are paid by you directly to the channel provider and are not part of the count, as set out in the fees clause below.

Fees & external-channel charges. You pay the fees set out on your Order Form: the plan fee for your chosen plan, billed in advance at the start of each cycle or for the full commitment term on 3-, 6-, or 12-month plans; a one-time account setup fee, where it applies, paid once before the Sheba team begins the build; overage fees for any smart messages above your monthly allowance, charged at the tiered rate set out on your Order Form and billed monthly in arrears; and optional add-on fees (such as an additional AI agent, an additional channel, a custom AI skill, or hybrid or dedicated hosting), charged per the add-on as set out on your Order Form. The plan fee, message allowance, overage rate, and any commitment discount are recorded on your Order Form and are not published here. ChatSheba connects to your own WhatsApp Business account, so the per-conversation charges set by Meta are billed to you directly and do not appear on your Sheba invoice; the same applies to SMS and any other external channel that carries its own provider charges, and you must hold an active, approved account with the channel provider before that channel is connected. US Dollars (USD) is the primary billing currency; you may pay in local currency at the prevailing exchange rate at the time the invoice is issued, by bank transfer or card, as recorded on your Order Form. For ChatSheba, the late-payment path is notice-then-suspend: if payment is more than 30 days past the invoice date, Sheba may — after a further 7 days' prior written notice — suspend the Service in whole or in part until payment is brought current; this ChatSheba-specific path governs late payment for your ChatSheba subscription.

Intellectual property & your data. Sheba retains all intellectual property in the ChatSheba platform — the platform code and software components, the craft of building and training AI-agent personas, and the dashboard and its tools. This contract grants you no ownership of these assets, only the right to use the Service for the term of your subscription. You retain all ownership of the content you provide — your Knowledge Base, conversations, contacts, visual assets, and brand — and Sheba uses this content only to operate the Service for you; on termination, Sheba makes your content available to export through the dashboard's export tools during the notice period. You are the data controller and determine the nature of the data, the purposes of processing, and the retention periods; Sheba acts as data processor on your instructions and within the scope of this contract, in line with applicable data protection law, and your signed Order Form may name the specific data-protection regime that governs your deployment. You are responsible for informing your End-Users that an AI system is in use and for any disclosures required by law in your jurisdiction. Sheba engages AI-processing partners and cloud-infrastructure providers to operate the Service; they work under Sheba's control and within the scope of this contract, and your data is not shared with other third parties without your explicit consent. The Service is hosted by default on Sheba-managed cloud infrastructure; Enterprise clients may move to hybrid or dedicated hosting under a separate proposal. The confidentiality, sub-processor, AI-output, and data-handling commitments in the Sheba Terms of Service (Sections 11 to 13) apply to ChatSheba in addition to this clause.

Service level. Sheba normally completes setup and launches the Service within 7 to 10 business days of the setup fee being paid (where it applies) and the Knowledge Base content being received from you; the Sheba team sets up the channels, builds the Knowledge Base, tailors the agent persona, runs launch testing, and trains your team on the dashboard. Sheba targets 99% monthly service availability, excluding scheduled maintenance, outages caused by external channel providers, the internet, or infrastructure outside Sheba's control, and the force-majeure events described below. This 99% target is consistent with the general SaaS uptime target in the Sheba Terms of Service (Section 15).

Liability & force majeure. To the fullest extent permitted by law, neither party is liable to the other for any indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of this contract, including lost profits, lost data, and lost opportunities. Sheba's total aggregate liability for any claims arising out of this contract does not exceed the total fees actually paid by you to Sheba in the twelve months preceding the event giving rise to the claim; this cap does not apply to liability arising from willful misconduct or gross negligence resulting in an actual data breach. Neither party is liable for a failure to meet its obligations where the failure results from a cause beyond its reasonable control — including failures of external channel providers, AI-processing partners, or cloud-infrastructure providers; general internet outages; natural disasters; and emergency government action — and if such an event continues for more than sixty days, either party may terminate the contract on written notice. The liability cap and consequential-damages exclusion in the Sheba Terms of Service (Section 18) apply consistently with this clause.

Dispute resolution & general. The parties will seek to resolve any dispute or disagreement arising out of this contract in good faith, through direct negotiation at management level, before resorting to any other path, allowing a period of at least 30 days to reach an amicable settlement. If an amicable resolution is not reached, each party retains its right to pursue the available legal channels under applicable procedure; the ChatSheba subscription does not name a forum, and the general governing-law and dispute-resolution provisions of the Sheba Terms of Service (Section 21), pointing to Yemen, apply unless your Order Form records a different governing law for ChatSheba. This contract, including the Order Form and together with the Sheba Terms of Service, is the entire agreement between the parties on its subject matter and supersedes prior oral or written negotiations. Amendments are effective only if in writing and signed by both parties; neither party may assign this contract without the other's prior written consent; if any provision is held unenforceable, the remaining provisions continue in full force; an electronic signature has the same force as a handwritten signature; and where a term recorded on your Order Form differs from the default text of these terms, the Order Form term takes precedence for that matter. For legal notices and questions, see the Contact section above.